Showing posts with label BRICs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label BRICs. Show all posts

Monday, January 27, 2014

BRICs under pressure

As the emerging markets contagion spreads, the BRIC nations are coming under increasing pressure in the capital markets. As discussed previously Brazil and Russia are witnessing new multi-year/record lows in their currency valuations. The Indian rupee is still above the all-time low (last summer), but at 63.5 rupees to the dollar, we are not far from that record.


BRL = Brazilian real, RUB = Russia ruble, INR = Indian rupee
(chart shows dollar appreciating against these currencies; source: Investing.com)

China of course has a controlled currency peg to the dollar. But participants in the nation's interbank market remain jittery. Recently a rumor was spread that China's banks were instructed to suspend cash transfers. Forbes ran with the story and later removed it from its website, as the rumor turned out to be false (see story). Nevertheless China's overnight interbank rate rose again, showing just how uneasy the market participants have become.

China's overnight interbank rate

Credit fears surrounding a close call with a wealth management trust called “Credit Equals Gold #1” - which was ultimately bailed out - and others like it have infiltrated the markets (see story). It is expected that these incidents - and the corresponding liquidity jitters - will continue, potentially becoming a major problem for China.



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Tuesday, December 3, 2013

Brazil's markets deteriorating on rising uncertainty

Brazil's economy contracted in the 3d quarter for the first time since the Great Recession. This was not entirely unexpected, though the drop was worse than economists had estimated.
Reuters: - Brazil's economy contracted in the third quarter for the first time since early 2009 as a steep drop in investment showed flagging confidence in what was recently one of the world's most attractive emerging markets.

The economy shrank 0.5 percent between July and September from the prior three months, government statistics agency IBGE said on Tuesday, missing forecasts in what has become a disappointing routine over the last three years. Gross domestic product had been expected to drop 0.2 percent, according to the median forecast of 40 economists polled by Reuters.

The weak quarter reinforced a dimming economic outlook for Brazil, which has struggled to contain inflation and stay competitive in recent years, tarnishing the reputation earned with a decade of robust growth.

All that wonderful government stimulus the Rousseff administration poured into the nation's economy recently has done little to rejuvenate growth. At the same time its withdrawal, combined with the Fed's taper, could create some serious headwinds for Brazil going forward.
Reuters: - The tax breaks and cheap loans unleashed by Rousseff have yielded meager results, and their withdrawal is now clouding the outlook for carmakers and furniture factories.

Public spending grew 1.2 percent in the third quarter, the economy's strongest driver of new demand, but officials have warned there is no room for more stimulus as tax revenues dry up and the government misses budget targets.

That leaves Rousseff without much fiscal firepower at the end of her first term. Next year promises to be a handful for the president, as she juggles preparations for hosting the World Cup, skepticism from business leaders and a likely withdrawal of monetary stimulus in the United States.
Some were hoping that the fourth quarter will bring better news, as October seemed to show improvements for the nation's manufacturers. But the latest data from Markit suggest that is not the case.
Markit: - The HSBC Brazil Manufacturing PMI fell to 49.7 in November, from 50.2 in October. After contracting at the margin for the entire third quarter, economic activity in Brazil’s manufacturing sector was unable to sustain October’s rebound and fell back below the 50 mark. Firms reported that output continued to climb, but at a slower pace than in October, while other key components such as new orders and employment all lost momentum.
With the 2014 general elections coming up and economic conditions deteriorating, the markets have been pricing in a difficult year ahead. The fact that the upcomong FIFA World Cup could bring massive and possibly violent protests is not helping. The nation’s equity market has underperformed materially against both the global and emerging indices, down over 17% for the year.

Blue: Brazil BOVESPA, Green: iShares EM Index ETF

What's particularly troubling is the sharp increase in long-term interest rates, as investors dump domestic government bonds. The 10-year rate broke 13.25% today.

Source: Investing.com


Some consider this a buying opportunity. Perhaps. Given such tremendous uncertainty however, it may be some time before Brazil's debt and equity markets begin to recover. 


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Wednesday, July 4, 2012

It may take more than stimulus to arrest Brazil's slowdown

As is the case with China and India, we are now seeing material deterioration in Brazil's business conditions, particularly manufacturing. The June manufacturing PMI is showing some unexpected weakness.

Source: HSBC/Markit
HSBC/Markit: - June data indicated a further deterioration in manufacturing business conditions in Brazil. Both output and new orders fell over the month, with the rates of contraction the strongest in eight months. Manufacturers generally commented on weak client demand. Concurrently, job losses were reported for the third month running...
Today's Industrial Production number came in considerably weaker than expected - down 4.3% YOY vs. 3.3% expected.

Brazil Industrial Production
GS: - The industrial sector has been beset by higher costs (e.g., labor), soft domestic and external demand, and external competitiveness issues related to a still overvalued BRL.
The government has been pushing through quite a bit of stimulus to halt economic contraction.
Reuters: - Intent on reviving growth, President Dilma Rousseff's administration has chopped central bank benchmark interest rates, provided industries and consumers with tax breaks, and vowed to step up government purchases of industrial goods.
In anticipation of further rate cuts, the yields on government bonds have come off sharply. As the chart below shows, the 1-year yield is at a multi-year low.

Brazil 1-year government bond yield
Bloomberg: - The central bank has cut its target lending rate by 4 percentage points since August, the most among Group of 20 nations, to a record low of 8.5 percent. Traders are betting policy makers will reduce the benchmark to 7.75 percent by the end of next month, interest-rate futures yields indicate.
Some analysts are suggesting that if Brazil's currency weakens further (BRL is down 16% from this year's highs), Brazil's manufacturing may regain its competitiveness. But as with other emerging market economies, years of strong growth have covered up some structural problems that may not be simply patched up by lower rates, weaker currency, or other government stimulus.
WSJ: - [Paulo] Leme [chairman of Goldman Sachs in Brazil], said Brazil's problems may go deeper than a sluggish global economy. Poor infrastructure, lagging educational standards and other structural problems held back Latin America's biggest country. "The country has a lot of room to grow...but it needs to resolve its own inefficiencies."


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Wednesday, May 16, 2012

BRICs hit by capital outflows

Capital outflows from emerging markets, in particular the BRIC nations, are picking up steam. BRIC currencies, except for the Renminbi (which is tightly controlled by China) have corrected sharply. (The charts below show how much of each currency can be bought with one dollar - the larger the number the weaker the currency).

1. Brazil
WSJ: - ...investors made net withdrawals of $2.4 billion dollars from Brazilian investments during the period May 1 through May 11, according to Brazilian Central Bank figures released Wednesday. The figures represented a significant speed up in withdrawal of capital from Brazil. During the entire calendar month of April, net withdrawals totaled only $939 million.

Brazil's foreign trade accounts, on the other hand, brought in a significant net volume of dollars. Net trade inflows for the period May 1 through May 11 were $1.8 billion--but there was still a shortfall of $639 million.

USD-BRL (Brazil)

2. Russia
WSJ: - Russia's top central banker warned on Wednesday that capital flight is a "serious problem," as newly released figures showed $42 billion has left the country in the first four months of the year. "Capital outflow continues to be a serious problem for the Russian economy," the central bank's chairman, Sergei Ignatyev, told Russia's lower house of Parliament.
USD-RUB (Russia)

3. India (discussed earlier)
The Economic Times: - The rupee today fell to a five-month low by losing 47 paise to 54.26 against the US dollar on the Interbank Foreign Exchange market in early trade on increased capital outflows amid strong demand for the greenback.
USD-INR (India)


4. China
Bloomberg/BW: - China’s central bank and commercial lenders sold more foreign currency than they bought for the first month this year in April, indicating capital may have flowed out of the world’s second-biggest economy.
...
“Definitely, it’s a capital outflow,” said Cliff Tan, East Asian head of global currency research at Bank of Tokyo- Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd. in Hong Kong. The government may “work on some structural policy changes that would encourage capital inflows, like allowing foreign pension funds to invest in China and more central banks to buy Chinese debt,” he said, calling the April flows “capital seepage.”
You will hear each country and the media provide various excuses for the outflows and the corrections in the FX levels. Local banks need dollars, importers need dollars, etc. Also the official net flow numbers will not always reflect the "effective" outflows, particularly when FX forwards are used. But the reality is that global investors are once again aggressively cutting back their BRIC exposures.

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